After revolution, Bangladesh textbooks rewrite history

After revolution, Bangladesh textbooks rewrite history
In this picture taken on February 4, 2025, students study in their classroom at a school in Dhaka, Bangladesh. (AFP)
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Updated 15 February 2025
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After revolution, Bangladesh textbooks rewrite history

After revolution, Bangladesh textbooks rewrite history
  • A student-led uprising last year overthrew iron-fisted premier Sheikh Hasina
  • The ouster came as public anger over her increasingly autocratic rule boiled over

DHAKA: Bangladeshi high schooler Laiba is being educated for the future, but what she learns has been determined by the latest chapter in her country’s battle over its past.
Last year, a student-led revolution overthrew the government of iron-fisted premier Sheikh Hasina when public anger over her increasingly autocratic rule boiled over.
Her ouster has prompted Bangladesh to do something that has followed every sudden change in national leadership: rewrite its history books to suit new orthodoxies.
“The tradition of altering history must stop at some point — the sooner, the better,” Laiba’s mother Suraiya Akhtar Jahan told AFP.
“Textbooks should not change every time a new government takes office.”
Radical changes to the school curriculum are routine in Bangladesh, where febrile political divisions dating back to its ruinous 1971 independence war against Pakistan have persisted.
Until this year, textbooks gave special exaltation to the country’s first president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman for spearheading that liberation struggle.
But Mujib, assassinated in 1975 in a military coup, is also Hasina’s father, and his daughter’s disgrace and exile has dented the late leader’s stature.
“The books had turned into one side’s political manifesto,” AKM Riazul Hassan, head of the national agency tasked with reforming the curriculum, told AFP.
“That does not conform to the purpose of textbooks. We tried to get them back on track.”
New history books have expunged dozens of poems, speeches and articles penned by Mujib, alongside images of his daughter.
They instead now valorize the hundreds of people killed in the protests that ultimately toppled Hasina last summer, while bringing back from exile other previously erased heroes of Bangladesh’s early history.
Among them is former army chief Ziaur Rahman — no relation to Mujib — credited with issuing the first public proclamation of Bangladesh’s independence during the 1971 war.
Zia had been left out of the curriculum during Hasina’s time because he founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), her chief opposition.
His return to the page augurs the resurgence of the political force he created, which is strongly favored to win elections expected by next year.
While the overhaul of Bangladesh’s official history gives clues as to the country’s future direction, critics say the new curriculum has its own litany of omissions.
Of particular contention is one of the country’s darkest chapters — the murderous purge of its intellectual elite in the opening days of the 1971 war.
Bangladesh’s main Islamist party Jamaat-e-Islami, which at the time opposed the country’s independence, helped orchestrate these killings in concert with Pakistani forces.
Revised textbooks mention that militia groups were responsible for the murders, without mentioning that the militias were run by Jamaat.
The omission is significant because Jamaat — another party suppressed by Hasina’s government — is likely to be a major force in Bangladesh’s next parliament, and has governed in the past in coalition with the BNP.
Dhaka University professor Mujibur Rahman — no relation to the independence leader — told AFP that the apparently deliberate attempt to obscure details around the purge raised questions about the reasons behind the changes.
“The real question is whether this interim government wants students to learn the actual history,” he added.
Asked about the changes, Hassan said that the textbook commission he helms did not want to trap the nation’s youth “in an endless cycle of hatred.”
“At some point, we need to start reconciliation,” he added. “Should we make our textbooks flooded with hatred? How rational would it be?“
Other signs suggest the new textbooks have conceded several changes to hard-line religious sentiment in the Muslim-majority nation.
Hasina’s government, for all its other shortcomings on rights issues, was lauded for championing the rights of Bangladesh’s transgender community.
The new textbooks excise references to transgender Bangladeshis, a demand long held by Islamist groups.
Hassan acknowledged that the decision had been taken following objections from a Muslim group campaigning against representations of transgender issues in the curriculum.
“We took their concerns into account,” he said, “and made adjustments accordingly to minimize their anxiety.”


With formal education banned, Afghan sisters find empowerment in art

With formal education banned, Afghan sisters find empowerment in art
Updated 15 sec ago
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With formal education banned, Afghan sisters find empowerment in art

With formal education banned, Afghan sisters find empowerment in art
  • Aria and Aida Sediqy could not pursue studies after a Taliban ban on girls’ education
  • Last year, they opened a home-based workshop in Kabul specializing in latticework

KABUL: After Afghanistan’s new rulers barred girls from higher education, Aria and Aida Sediqy sought other ways to start a profession. When those options were closed off too, they turned to art, which soon also became a path to self-sufficiency.

Aria, 21, graduated from high school in 2020 and passed national university entry exams. She studied economics at a university in Kabul but that did not last long.

The rights of Afghan women have been curtailed since the Taliban took control of Afghanistan in 2021. Women and girls have been gradually barred from attending secondary school and university, undertaking most forms of paid employment, traveling without a male family member, and accessing public spaces.

Aria managed to complete one semester, but like thousands of other girls had nowhere to return after the ban took force. She chose instead to learn midwifery and together with her younger sister enrolled in a course at a private medical institute. Last year, classes for women at those institutes were banned too.

“After studying midwifery for a year, the Taliban closed medical colleges as well. For the past three years, I have looked everywhere to study, but all doors were shut for us, one after another,” she told Arab News.

She then tried to rekindle her childhood interest in craft and spent months training latticework in wood under the guidance of a female teacher who graduated in fine arts from Kabul University.

When she felt ready, her parents supported her in opening a small workshop at home. Last year, the little studio, Aria Art Gallery, started an online shop, which Aria is now running with her sister.

Each month, their workshop earns about $100.

“The income is not a lot, but I am happy that I can do something for myself. It’s a very good occupation for young girls and women,” she said.

Three girls have started learning craft from Aria. Two of them are her cousins, and the third is her younger sister, Aida, for whom the home gallery has also become a refuge when most opportunities for self-fulfillment are no more.

“We are left with a world of unfulfilled wishes, but I am happy to be able to learn art from my sister and run the gallery with her from our home,” Aida said.

“With the doors to education closed for all of us, we turn to art.”


Australia warns airlines to beware of a potential Chinese navy live-fire exercise in the Tasman Sea

Australia warns airlines to beware of a potential Chinese navy live-fire exercise in the Tasman Sea
Updated 50 min 32 sec ago
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Australia warns airlines to beware of a potential Chinese navy live-fire exercise in the Tasman Sea

Australia warns airlines to beware of a potential Chinese navy live-fire exercise in the Tasman Sea
  • China had given notice that the warships could potentially fire live weapons during an exercise
  • Chinese exercise legal and took place in international waters outside Australia’s exclusive economic zone

MELBOURNE: Australia warned airlines flying between Australian airports and New Zealand to beware of Chinese warships potentially conducting a live-fire exercise in the Tasman Sea, officials said Friday.
Regulator Airservices Australia warned commercial pilots of a potential hazard in airspace between the countries as three Chinese warships conduct exercises off the Australian east coast.
China had given notice that the warships could potentially fire live weapons during an exercise, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said.
Australian defense officials were uncertain whether any live fire of weapons had occurred. The risk had since passed, Albanese said.
“There was no imminent risk of danger to any Australian assets or New Zealand assets,” Albanese told reporters, citing information from his Defense Ministry.
Air New Zealand, the country’s national carrier, said in a statement it had “modified flight paths as needed to avoid the area, with no impact on our operations.”
Virgin Australia said it was following Airservices Australia instructions, but did not say whether its New Zealand services had been diverted.
Pilots of Virgin, Qantas and Emirates flights from Sydney to New Zealand diverted their courses after hearing one of the warships broadcast a warning of an imminent live-fire exercise, Nine Network television reported.
Australian and New Zealand military ships and P-8 Poseidon surveillance planes have been monitoring the Chinese warships – frigate Hengyang, cruiser Zunyi and replenishment vessel Weishanhu – for days.
Chinese warships rarely venture so far south in a deployment regarded as a demonstration of the Chinese navy’s growing size and capabilities.
Australian and International Pilots Association Vice President Captain Steve Cornell, who represents pilots from Australia’s largest airline Qantas, was critical of where the Chinese choose to hold their exercise.
“Whilst it was unusual to have Chinese warships in this part of the world, pilots often have to contend with obstacles to safe navigation, whether that be from military exercises such as this or other events like rocket launches, space debris or volcanic eruptions,” Cornell said.
“That being said, it’s a big bit of ocean and you would think that they could have parked somewhere less inconvenient whilst they flexed their muscles,” he added.
Foreign Minister Penny Wong will discuss the deployment when she meets her Chinese counterpart Wang Yi at a G20 ministers meeting underway in South Africa, Albanese said.
The Chinese exercise was legal and took place in international waters outside Australia’s exclusive economic zone, Albanese said.


Pope Francis passes another calm night in hospital: Vatican

Pope Francis passes another calm night in hospital: Vatican
Updated 21 February 2025
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Pope Francis passes another calm night in hospital: Vatican

Pope Francis passes another calm night in hospital: Vatican
  • Pope Francis was admitted to Rome’s Gemelli hospital last Friday with bronchitis
  • But it later developed into pneumonia in both lungs, sparking widespread alarm

VATICAN CITY: Pope Francis spent another night without incident in hospital, the Vatican said on Friday, after a week in the hospital where the 88-year-old pontiff is being treated for bronchitis and pneumonia.
“The night went well, this morning Pope Francis got up and had breakfast,” the Vatican said in a regular morning update.
It was the latest in a series of incrementally positive updates this week from the Vatican, which has regularly been publishing information – however modest – about the Argentine pope’s state of health.
Francis was admitted to Rome’s Gemelli hospital last Friday with bronchitis, but it later developed into pneumonia in both lungs, sparking widespread alarm.
But the Vatican said Thursday he continued to not have a fever and his “hemodynamic (blood flow) parameters continue to be stable.”
Vatican sources have said the pope continues to keep up with his correspondence and has been working with his collaborators.
Cardinal Matteo Maria Zuppi, the head of Italy’s bishops conference, expressed confidence Thursday that the pope was “on the right path.”
“The fact that the pope had breakfast, read the newspapers, received people, means that we are on the right path to a full recovery, which we hope will happen soon,” Zuppi said.


‘Difficult without it’: EU hopes in German leadership comeback after vote

‘Difficult without it’: EU hopes in German leadership comeback after vote
Updated 21 February 2025
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‘Difficult without it’: EU hopes in German leadership comeback after vote

‘Difficult without it’: EU hopes in German leadership comeback after vote
  • Germans head to the polls on Sunday in an election that has been impatiently awaited in Brussels

BRUSSELS:Germans head to the polls on Sunday in an election that has been impatiently awaited in Brussels, where many hope Berlin can swiftly return to play a driving role in EU affairs as the bloc faces a string of crises.
Already suffering from lacklustre economic growth and competitiveness, the EU has been rocked by US President Donald Trump threatening a trade war and reaching out over European leaders’ heads to Russia to settle the Ukraine war.
“We are sometimes afraid of German leadership,” said a European diplomat. “But it is difficult to live without it.”
Incertitude in Germany has added to months of political turmoil in France, where a weakened President Emmanuel Macron in December appointed his fourth prime minister within a year.
The Franco-German engine normally credited with driving the European Union “has not been able to work” and take “major decisions” at a time where “it is more necessary than ever,” said Yann Wernert, an analyst at the Jacques Delors Institute.
“We don’t see much German commitment in current EU legislation,” lamented another diplomat.
The vacuum has been partially filled by others.
Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, whose country currently holds the EU’s rotating presidency, has been pushing for Brussels to do more to confront Russia, and Italy’s Giorgia Meloni has taken the lead on migration issues.
But the absence has been felt.
“Can the EU act without Germany and France? In case of an emergency this would be possible, but it is better to act with France and Germany,” said a third diplomat.


Sunday’s vote will not immediately solve the problem, as Germany may not have a new government until the spring.
The confident frontrunner Friedrich Merz has said he’s aiming for an Easter deadline. But arduous coalition negotiations tend to drag on for weeks if not months in the country, spelling long stretches of political paralysis.
Questions about the shape of a future coalition government are likely to slow down key legislative projects also at the European level, on anything from migration to defense funding and climate change, said Wernert.
“All Europe is watching this election,” said Daniel Freund, a European lawmaker with the Greens, lamenting the current “lack of movement.”
Some of his colleagues worry about the ripple effect the vote could have on political balances at the European Parliament.
Merz’s conservative CDU-CSU alliance belongs to the largest parliamentary group, the EPP, which currently shapes the chamber’s agenda with support from a loose alliance of centrists, social democrats and greens.
But led by Manfred Weber, a German, the EPP has occasionally sided with the far right over the past year.
The same tactic was used by the CDU/CSU, which last month passed a motion calling for an immigration crackdown with the support of the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) in a taboo-breaking maneuver.
“For me, the real question is to what extent what happened in Germany will have an impact on the outcome of the elections and what lessons EPP representatives will draw from it,” said Valerie Hayer, head of the centrist Renew group.
“Will they say... it was a losing strategy or, on the contrary, a winning one?“
If the so-called “firewall” barring cooperation with the extreme right “breaks down” in Germany “it will be very unfeasible to have it implemented here,” added Dane Anders Vistisen, a European lawmaker with the far-right Patriots group.


Lawyers to deliver closing arguments in the trial of man charged with stabbing Salman Rushdie

Lawyers to deliver closing arguments in the trial of man charged with stabbing Salman Rushdie
Updated 21 February 2025
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Lawyers to deliver closing arguments in the trial of man charged with stabbing Salman Rushdie

Lawyers to deliver closing arguments in the trial of man charged with stabbing Salman Rushdie
  • Lawyers are set to deliver their closing arguments Friday in the trial of a New Jersey man charged with trying to kill Salman Rushdie on a western New York lecture stage
  • The knife attack at the Chautauqua Institution severely injured the Booker Prize-winning author and left him blind in one eye

MAYVILLE: Lawyers are set to deliver their closing arguments Friday in the trial of a New Jersey man charged with trying to kill Salman Rushdie on a New York lecture stage in a knife attack that left the author blind in one eye and with other serious injuries.
Hadi Matar, 27, is charged with attempted murder and assault in the August 2022 attack at the Chautauqua Institution in western New York. He faces up to 25 years in prison if convicted.
Rushdie, 77, was the key witness during testimony that began last week. The Booker Prize-winning author told jurors he thought he was dying when a masked stranger ran onto the stage and stabbed and slashed at him until being tackled by bystanders. Rushdie showed jurors his now-blinded right eye, usually hidden behind a darkened eyeglass lens.
Jurors also heard from a trauma surgeon who said Rushdie’s injuries would have been fatal without quick treatment, and a law enforcement officer who said Matar was calm and cooperative in his custody.
They were shown video of the assault and aftermath that was captured from multiple angles by Chautauqua Institution cameras. The recordings also picked up the gasps and screams from audience members who had been seated to hear Rushdie speak with City of Asylum Pittsburgh founder Henry Reese about keeping writers safe. Reese suffered a gash to his forehead.
From the witness stand, institution staff and others present that day pointed to Matar as the assailant.
Stabbed and slashed more than a dozen times in the head, throat, torso, thigh and hand, Rushdie spent 17 days at a Pennsylvania hospital and more than three weeks at a New York City rehabilitation center. He detailed his long and painful recovery in his 2024 memoir, “Knife.”
Throughout the trial, Matar often took notes with a pen and sometimes laughed or smiled with defense attorneys during breaks in testimony.
His lawyers declined to call any witnesses of their own and Matar did not testify in his defense. Instead, the attorneys challenged prosecution witnesses as part of a strategy intended to cast doubt on whether Matar intended to kill, and not just injure, Rushdie. The distinction is important for an attempted murder conviction.
Matar had with him knives, not a gun or bomb, his attorneys said. And Rushdie’s heart and lungs were uninjured, they noted in response to testimony that the injuries were life-threatening.
Public Defender Nathaniel Barone said Matar likely would have faced a lesser charge of assault were it not for Rushdie’s celebrity.
“We think that it became an attempted murder because of the notoriety of the alleged victim in the case,” Barone told reporters after testimony concluded Thursday. “That’s been it from the very beginning. It’s been nothing more, nothing less. And it’s for publicity purposes. It’s for self-interest purposes.”
A separate federal indictment alleges that Matar, of Fairview, New Jersey, was motivated to attack Rushdie by a 2006 speech in which the leader of the militant group Hezbollah endorsed a decades-old fatwa, or edict, calling for Rushdie’s death. Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini issued the fatwa in 1989 after publication of the novel “The Satanic Verses,” which some Muslims consider blasphemous.
Rushdie spent years in hiding. But after Iran announced that it would not enforce the decree, he had traveled freely over the past quarter century.
A trial on the federal terrorism-related charges will be scheduled in US District Court in Buffalo.